How Diet Influences Behavior in Children: A Holistic Perspective
From a holistic standpoint, a child’s brain and behavior are strongly influenced by nutrition. The developing nervous system is particularly sensitive to inflammation, blood sugar fluctuations, and environmental inputs—including food. When we see hyperactivity, irritability, anxiety, mood swings, or difficulty concentrating, diet should be part of the clinical conversation.
One major contributor to behavioral instability is blood sugar imbalance. Diets high in refined carbohydrates and sugar can cause rapid spikes and crashes in blood glucose. Fluctuating glucose levels have been associated with changes in attention, mood, and impulse control (Benton, 2008). Stabilizing blood sugar with balanced meals that include protein, healthy fats, and fiber supports more consistent energy and cognitive function.
Gluten may affect behavior in susceptible children. While celiac disease is well established, emerging evidence suggests that some individuals without celiac disease may still experience neurological or behavioral symptoms related to gluten sensitivity (Fasano et al., 2015). Studies have documented associations between celiac disease and increased rates of anxiety, attention issues, and mood disturbances (Smith & Gerdes, 2012). The gut-brain axis—communication between the gastrointestinal system and central nervous system—appears to play a significant role.
Dairy can also be problematic for certain children, especially those with sensitivities. Some research has explored the role of milk proteins and immune activation in behavioral symptoms, particularly in children with neurodevelopmental conditions (Jyonouchi et al., 2005). While evidence is mixed, elimination trials in select cases may provide useful clinical information.
Artificial food colors, additives, and preservatives have more direct research support. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial published in The Lancet found that mixtures of artificial food colors and sodium benzoate increased hyperactive behavior in children from the general population (McCann et al., 2007). A meta-analysis also concluded that synthetic food dyes may exacerbate ADHD symptoms in some children (Nigg et al., 2012).
The broader gut-brain connection is increasingly recognized. The intestinal microbiome influences immune signaling and neurotransmitter production, including serotonin (Cryan & Dinan, 2012). Diets rich in whole foods—vegetables, fruits, omega-3 fats, and fermented foods—support microbial diversity and may positively influence mood and behavior.
From a holistic perspective, behavior is often a signal of underlying imbalance. Addressing nutrition, reducing inflammatory triggers, and supporting gut health can improve not only behavior but sleep, immunity, and overall resilience.
Selected References
Benton, D. (2008). The influence of dietary status on the cognitive performance of children. Mol Nutr Food Res.
Cryan, J.F., & Dinan, T.G. (2012). Mind-altering microorganisms: The impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behavior. Nat Rev Neurosci.
Fasano, A. et al. (2015). Nonceliac gluten sensitivity. Gastroenterology.
Jyonouchi, H. et al. (2005). Proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine production in children with autism. J Neuroimmunol.
McCann, D. et al. (2007). Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in children. The Lancet.
Nigg, J.T. et al. (2012). Meta-analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and dietary factors. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
Smith, D.F., & Gerdes, L.U. (2012). Meta-analysis on anxiety and depression in adult celiac disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand.
